總結(jié) |
Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside generated locally in tissues under conditions of hypoxia, ischemia, or inflammation. It modulates a variety of physiological functions in many tissues including brain and heart.1,2 Adenosine exerts its action via four specific adenosine receptors (also named P1 purinergic receptors): A1-Adenosine receptor (A1AR), A2A-Adenosine receptor (A2AAR), A2B-Adenosine receptor (A2BAR), and A3-Adenosine receptor (A3AR). The various adenosine receptors can be distinguished on the basis of their distinct molecular structures, distinct tissue distributions, and differential selectivity for adenosine analogs.1-4However, all are integral membrane proteins and members of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor superfamily. They share a common structure of seven putative transmembrane domains, an extracellular amino terminus, a cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus, and a third intracellular loop that is important for binding G proteins.1-3Expression of A3AR has been reported in brain, kidney, liver, and heart. It plays a role in modulation of cerebral ischemia, asthma, and cell growth. In addition, recent studies have established a cardioprotective role for A3AR.5 Expression of A3AR was reported to be elevated in cancerous tissues as well as in auto-immune inflammatory diseases.6,7 A patent has been filed for the use of A3AR and A3AR agonist as a diagnostic marker for therapeutic treatments of cancer and other diseases. Abgent is pleased to offer a highly specific antibody directed against an intracellular epitope of human A3 Adenosine receptor (A3AR). Anti-A3 Adenosine Receptor antibody (#AG1384) can be used in western blot analysis, as well as immunocytochemical and immunohistocemical applications, and has been designed to recognize A3 Adenosine receptor from human, rat, and mouse samples.
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Western blot analysis of Malme-3M cell lysate:
1. Anti-A3 Adenosine Receptor antibody ( APG01407G), (1:200).
2. Anti-A3 Adenosine Receptor antibody, preincubated with the control peptide antigen.
Expression of A3 Adenosine Receptor in rat lung
Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded rat lung sections using Anti-A3 Adenosine Receptor antibody ( APG01407G), (1:50). Staining is specific for respiratory epithelial cells of the bronchiole (arrows) and pneumonocytes in the alveolar wall (a). Hematoxilin is used as the counterstain.
Expression of A3 Adenosine Receptor in a human melanoma cell line
Immunocytochemical staining of paraformaldehyde-fixed and permeabilized human melanoma cells (A2058). A, D. Cells were stained using Anti-A3 Adenosine Receptor antibody ( APG01407G), (1:100), followed by goat anti-rabbit AlexaFluor-555 secondary antibody. B, E. Nuclear fluorescence staining of cells using the membrane-permeable DNA dye Hoechst 33342. C. Merged image of panels A and B. F. Merged image of panels D and E.
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