總結 |
Mammalian Cl- channels can be broadly classified into four different families: voltage-dependent Cl- channels (CLCs), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), ligand-gated Cl- channels (γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) and glycine channels) and Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (Bestrophin and Anoctamin channels).Bestrophins were first found by genetic linkage of human-Bestrophin-1 (hBest1) to a juvenile form of macular degeneration called Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD)1,2. BVMD is mainly electrophysiologically characterized by a decrease in the light peak and physiologically by the thinning of the retina layer which eventually leads to the loss of central vision3. To date Bestrophin 1-4 have been identified, although Bestrophin-3 and Bestrophin-4 have been observed only at the RNA level3. In addition, splice variants of some of these Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs) have also been detected2,4,5. CaCCs are known to be involved in the regulation of olfaction, taste, phototransduction, and excitability in the nervous system. Recently, Bestrophin-1 was shown to be functionally expressed in astrocytes in both primary cell culture and in situ6. Bestrophin-1 is also detected in retina, brain, spinal cord and testes7.Two different topologies for Bestrophin-1 have been proposed. The first, the preferred structure, proposes that six hydrophobic domains span the membrane8, while the second suggests that there are only four membrane-spanning domains9. Bestrophin-1, along with its counterparts, is activated by intracellular Ca2+. A recent study demonstrated that Bestrophin-1 indeed binds Ca2+ and by mutating specific residues, showed which amino acid residues are essential for binding Ca2+ 10, providing additional evidence that Bestrophin-1 is activated by direct binding of Ca2+ to the channel11,12.Bestrophin-1 has been found to release glutamate from astrocytes and is located at microdomains near synapses13.Abgent is pleased to offer a highly specific antibody directed against an epitope located at the 3rd extracellular loop of mouse Bestrophin-1. Anti-Bestrophin-1 (extracellular) antibody (#AG1371) can be used in western blot and immunohistochemical and indirect flow cytometry applications, and has been designed to recognize Bestrophin-1 channel from mouse, rat and human samples.
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別名 |
Bestrophin-1, Vitelliform macular dystrophy protein 2 homolog, Best1, Bmd1, Vmd2
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圖像 |
Western blot analysis of rat lung (lanes 1 and 3) and rat eye (lanes 2 and 4) lysate:
1,2. Anti- Bestrophin-1 (extracellular) antibody ( APR11512G), (1:200).
3,4. Anti-Bestrophin-1 (extracellular) antibody, preincubated with the control peptide antigen.
Expression of Bestrophin-1 in rat lung
Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin embedded rat lung sections using Anti-Bestrophin-1 (extracellular) antibody ( APR11512G), (1:100). Bestrophin-1 is expressed both in the respiratory epithelium (red arrows) and in vascular smooth muscle (black arrows). Hematoxilin is used as the counterstain.
Indirect flow cytometry analysis in live intact Jurkat (human T cell leukemia) cell line:
<sup>___ </sup> Control cells + goat-anti-rabbit-FITC.
<span style="color: 99cc33"><sup> ___ </sup> Cells + Anti-Bestrophin-1 (extracellular) antibody ( APR11512G) , (1:20) + goat-anti-rabbit-FITC.
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